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Quick answer

GLP-1 medications (semaglutide, tirzepatide) can reduce the effectiveness of oral birth control pills by slowing stomach emptying, which delays absorption. Women on GLP-1 medications should consider non-oral contraception: IUD, implant, patch, ring, or injection. If using oral contraceptives, take them at least 1 hour before or after GLP-1 injection, and use backup contraception during dose escalation periods.

How GLP-1 Affects Birth Control

GLP-1 medications slow gastric emptying — food (and pills) stay in your stomach longer before being absorbed. This delayed absorption can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptive pills, potentially leading to unintended pregnancy.

Safe Contraception Options on GLP-1

IUD (hormonal or copper): not affected by GLP-1 at all — the gold standard option
Implant (Nexplanon): not affected — delivers hormones through the arm
Patch: absorbed through skin — not affected by gastric emptying
Vaginal ring: absorbed locally — not affected by gastric emptying
Injection (Depo-Provera): not affected — delivered intramuscularly

If You Must Stay on Oral Contraceptives

Take the pill at least 1 hour before your GLP-1 injection
Use backup contraception (condoms) during dose escalation phases
Be extra vigilant about taking pills at the same time each day
Discuss switching to a non-oral method with your provider

Pregnancy Planning

GLP-1 medications must be stopped at least 2 months before attempting pregnancy. Semaglutide has a long half-life (approximately 1 week), so plan the washout period accordingly. Discuss pregnancy timing with both your prescribing provider and OB-GYN.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Does semaglutide affect birth control?

Yes. GLP-1 medications slow stomach emptying, which can reduce absorption of oral birth control pills. Non-oral contraception (IUD, patch, ring, implant) is not affected.